دانلود کتاب فیزیک کوانتومی و کیهان‌شناسی: اسرار بی‌نهایت کوچک و بی‌نهایت بزرگ

In recent years, contemporary physics has made spectacular progress in both infinitely large and infinitely small realms. The aim of this book is to share with the reader some of these discoveries, presented from a generalist and sometimes philosophical angle. The aim is not to present things in a technical way, which is only accessible to specialists, but rather to adapt the level so that the chapters are comprehensible, at least for the most part, by most readers with scientific knowledge at the first-year university level. The chosen style of presentation is comparable to that of high-caliber popular magazines such as Scientific American (Pour la Science). I would like to thank the authors who have contributed to this volume and have made the educational effort to present their discipline in a way that is accessible to as many readers as possible. However, not all of the chapters in this book are equal in terms of ease of reading; some require slightly more effort from readers than others. This is mainly due to the diversity of the scientific fields covered. Some chapters present recent observations that shake up what we thought we knew, such as how the universe was formed and evolved. Other chapters look at scientific questions that are currently unresolved. Today’s leading scientists are currently so hard pressed to solve them that they are torn between whether answers can be found within the framework of current theories or whether, on the contrary, it will be necessary to completely revolutionize our way of thinking in order to do so. Understandably, the effort required to understand each subject will have to be adapted to its intrinsic difficulty. I would particularly like to thank Nathalie Palanque-Delabrouille for her careful proofreading and correction of the chapters in the cosmology section. The subjects covered are quantum physics and cosmology, which make up the two main subjects of this book. Of course, the aim is not to be exhaustive – that would take more than one volume. Instead, we will focus on certain aspects of these disciplines that have recently undergone major advances or that are simply of particular interest. Many topics will not be covered here due to insufficient space, but readers who have been captivated by the stimulating chapters in this book will be able to continue their journey through the many sources available, both in specialized books and on the Internet. In 2025, we celebrated the centenary of the discovery of quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics describes the behavior of atoms and elementary particles and is one of the most fertile and best corroborated physical theories. First and foremost, it is fertile because it explains many phenomena that classical physics has failed to understand, such as the stability of matter, the color of bodies, black-body radiation, the photoelectric effect, the behavior of semiconductors, superfluidity and superconductivity. Without it, many of our everyday objects would never have been invented, starting with our smartphones and computers. Second, it is fertile because it is the basis of quantum field theory, which is the foundation on which the standard model of particle physics rests today. This model’s success no longer needs to be demonstrated, including the prediction of the existence of the W and Z intermediate bosons (mediators of the electroweak interaction) and the Higgs boson (involved in the mechanism that gives particles their mass), all of which were discovered at CERN. This is corroborated by the fact that, since its creation, it has been subjected to a staggering number of tests in all kinds of circumstances and has never been contradicted by any experiment.