دانلود کتاب احتمال، آمار و شبیه سازی

This book, based on the fourth Italian edition, comes from the collaboration between two experimental physicists and one statistician. Among non-statisticians, physicists are perhaps the ones who most appreciate and use probability and statistics, butmost of the time in a pragmatic and manual way, having in mind the solution of specific problems or technical applications. On the other hand, in the crucial comparison between theory and experiment, it is sometimes necessary to use sophisticated methods which require knowledge of the fundamental logical and mathematical principles at the basis of the study of random phenomena. More generally, even those who are not statisticians have often to face, in any research field, problems that require particular attention and expertise for the treatment of random or aleatory aspects. These skills are naturally mastered by the statistician, whose research interests are the laws of chance. This text has been prepared with the aim to seek a synthesis between these different approaches, to provide the reader not only with tools useful to address problems, but also with a guide to the correct methodologies needed to understand the complicated and fascinating world of random phenomena. Such an objective obviously involved choices, sometimes even painful, both of content type and style. As for style, we tried not to give up the precision needed to properly teach the important concepts.When treating applications, we privileged the methods that do not require excessive preliminary conceptual elaborations. As an example, we have tried to use, whenever possible, approximate methods for interval estimation, with Gaussian approximations for the estimator distributions. Similarly, in the case of least squares, we have extensively adopted the approximation based on the χ2 distribution to verify the fitting of a model to the data. We also avoided insisting on the formal treatment of complicated problems in cases where a solution using computer and simple simulation programs could be easily found.