Despite the recent decline in cancer incidence rates, long-term mortality rates remain unchanged. One of the most important factors for increased survival of cancer is detection at an early stage. Clinical assays that detect the early events of cancer through the use of molecular signatures or biomarkers offer an opportunity to intervene and prevent cancer progression. Molecular signatures of the phenotype of a cell that aids in early cancer detection and risk assessment will likely play an important role in screening and early detection. Although new information and technologies are clearly the driving force in biomarker discovery, translating new findings into clinical application remains a major challenge.
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