دانلود کتاب استانداردها و توصیه هایی برای مراقبت از سوختگی در حوادث تلفات انبوه

Health and operational support needs in emergencies have been well recognized (1). In recent years the world has witnessed improving professionalization and standardization of care for communities affected by health emergencies – a change which has been brought about in part by the World Health Organization (WHO) Emergency Medical Teams (EMT) Initiative (1, 2). The EMT initiative supports and encourages trained and appropriately skilled teams of national and international multidisciplinary personnel to deliver a coordinated approach to targeted clinical needs while adhering to minimum standards of care. The evolving nature and changing definition of humanitarian emergencies has highlighted the need for a widened scope of practice for EMTs and more specialist teams able to target specific health needs. With origins in climate-related disasters, in recent years EMTs have had an increasing and influential role in outbreaks, conflicts and other man-made disasters (3, 4). Smaller scale but high-impact emergencies, such as mass burn incidents, have highlighted a need for specialist EMTs. Burn injury frequency following a mass casualty incident (MCI) should not be underestimated. The nature of burn injuries often results in a protracted clinical journey for the patient, commonly resulting in long-term health consequences affecting functioning, quality of life and mental health (5, 6). Recent examples of MCIs with multiple burn-injured patients (Table 1) have demonstrated the extensive demands placed on health-care workers, health facilities and the overall health system – resulting in high, preventable morbidity and mortality (7–10). In one example, a study of 455 casualties from the mass burn incident found mean treatment cost was US$ 48 977 per patient (with total medical cost from the incident estimated at US$ 38.5 million), mean length of hospital stay was 63 days, and mean time to school or social re-entry was 39 weeks (6). Specialist burn EMTs are well placed to help target specific needs which arise, particularly in building local burn resource capacity and capability. However, these teams must adhere to minimum standards of care. Standard-setting has proven a crucial strategy for health-care system strengthening, improving both patient safety and quality of care, and remains a core objective of the EMT 2030 Strategy (11). As burn care capability varies globally, providing guidance to standardize burn care for mass burn incidents helps provide a platform for strengthening burns care for specialist EMTs, as well as health systems generally.