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Python for Mathematics introduces readers to effective methods for doing mathematics using the Python programming language. Most programming texts introduce readers to the building blocks of programming and build up to using more sophisticated tools for a specific purpose, like doing particular mathematical tasks. This is akin to teaching someone how to forge metal so as to make a nail, and then slowly working up to using sophisticated power tools so as actually to build something. This book does things in a different way, by first getting readers to begin using and understanding the tools that are going to be helpful to them as mathematicians, and only then moving on to the granular details. In this way, the practical application of the tools can aid in the understanding of the theory. Features • Complete with engaging, practical exercises • Many useful and detailed coding examples • Suitable for undergraduates in mathematics, and other quantitative sciences • Empowers readers to design and create their own Python tools. Vincent Knight is Professor of Mathematics at Cardiff University in the School of Mathematics. His research interests are in emergent behaviour, probabilistic modelling, applications in health- care, and pedagogy. He maintains a number of open-source research software projects, has been a trustee of the UK Python association, is an editor for the Journal of Open-Source Software, was awarded the 2017 John Pinner award for contribution to the Python community, and is a fellow of the Sustainable Software Institute. He regularly wins awards for his teaching at the School of Mathematics. He does not only speak at conferences around the world but continues to organise conferences to bring the power of open-source software to as many people as possible. This is not a book for learning to program to do mathematics. There are many excellent books that do this [1, 6, 10]. This is a book for people who would like to learn how to use programming tools to assist with when doing Mathematics. Mathematics is often thought of as solving problems. In secondary school this can be sets of quadratic equations that need to be solved or probabilities of specific hands of cards that need to be calculated. As one progresses further into mathematics, the subject becomes less about solving prob- lems through mechanical calculation and more about using our mathematical knowledge and insight to choose which problems to solve. This is what this book attempts to address. It aims to be a user guide for how the Python programming language can be used to reduce mechanical calculation which leaves more space to do real mathematics. Whilst no book should ever try to stop a mathematician from picking up a pen and pencil and thinking about a problem, this one does aim to show how modern mathematicians can replace, some of, the use of their pen with openly available Python tools. For example, in Chapter 3, how to solve an equation by essentially just writing it down is covered. In Chapter 7 probabilities of specific events are simulated. In the second part of this book, a more traditional approach of programming with Python is used to show how to build tools. Not only does this cover commonly taught pro- gramming techniques but also goes into principles of software development used in industry. For example, Chapter 16 covers a modern way of writing documentation for software and Chapter 17 covers how to write code that tests software. This book is for you, whether you are a seasoned professional mathematician who would like to know some of the best practices for using Python or perhaps more typically, if you are a first year university student with an understanding of the mathematical topics covered. I hope you enjoy it.