دانلود کتاب پوکی استخوان، استئوآرتریت و آرتریت روماتوئید: یک سه گانه اسکلتی دردناک

This book is about three formidable skeletal diseases; osteoporosis, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, which are severely threatening the public health system and increasing the chronic disease burden. Identification and prevention of this agonizing triad are complex, composite and complicated, as several molecular culprits collaborate and contribute to their development and progression. Fragile, flamed and fractured elements of bone affiliated to these disorders have been examined from several perspectives but contradictions and controversies have further amassed to their complexity. This family of skeletal triad has many uninvited and unsolicited related effects in the form of pain, stress and anxiety that their remedial prescriptions to get rid of them become confusing and perplexing. Commoners perceive these health issues either casually or as artefact of misconceived notions and fall prey to unqualified quacks and half-baked practitioners. It is equivocally accepted that there are many underlying mechanisms and mediators that commonly as well as individually influence the pathology of osteoporosis, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Recent scientific work has identified some frightful perpetrators and their modus operandi in the initiation, development and progression, but the troubled bones demand further investigations. The present eBook, “Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Agonizing Skeletal Triad” intends to bring together insightful leads on the latest news, views, and reviews from authors, scientists, and clinicians from different regions of the world on these skeletal abnormalities. This compendium is a sincere effort to have input of internationally acclaimed scholars and thinkers to reveal those cellular and molecular culprits who participate but are absconding from the scene of pain and suffering posed to our elderly population afflicting them by these musculoskeletal problems. In the first chapter, “Osteoporosis and Chronic Liver Disease”, the author Yi-Liang Tsai, sheds light on the close inter-relationship of chronic liver disease with osteoporosis. A substantial percentage of chronic liver disease patients suffer from osteoporosis because of disturbed calcium homeostasis. The liver is an important organ that plays a crucial role in several physiological, metabolic and immune-related processes. Composed of hepatocytes, biliary epithelial cells, stellate cells, kupffer cells and hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells, the liver controls endocrine growth signaling pathways, blood volume regulation, cholesterol homeostasis, nutrient metabolism, and immune system regulation. The role played by the liver in distressed form causing disturbed calcium homeostasis and dysregulated nutrient balance in relation to bone mass has been elaborated on in this chapter. The second chapter, “Detection of Knee Osteoarthritis using Artificial Intelligence” enriches our knowledge regarding the identification of knee osteoarthritis with artificial intelligence. Knee osteoarthritis is a degenerating joint disorder that affects joints and causes functional disability and pain if left untreated. Therefore, the identification of knee osteoarthritis at an early stage is crucial for better management and prevention, but early identification is complicated, confusing, and sometimes missed. It is envisioned and analysed by Thongpat and co-authors in this chapter that artificial intelligence involving a Convoluted Neural Network (CNN) can predict the early stage of knee osteoarthritis. Such a wonderful effort can substantiate the already existing identification techniques (Kellgren Lawrence grading) from radiographic images that hold a promising future in the direction of better prognosis, diagnosis and therapeutic modalities of knee osteoarthritis.