دانلود کتاب مجموعه‌ها و سیستم‌های فازی III – مقدمه‌ای با نمونه‌های موردی از انفورماتیک تجاری، علوم کامپیوتر و مهندسی

In medieval Europe, a merchant’s reputation was the only indicator of his or her qualifications. The most important virtues a merchant needed at that time were trustworthiness and good reputation. Therefore, since the twelfth century, the idea of an honorable merchant has been used synonymously with traditional commercial virtues such as fairness, honesty, respect, diligence, loyalty, and trust. The old Italian handbooks reflect the explicit characteristics of such honorable trading activities; similarly, within the Hanseatic culture, the commercial principles have been mentioned in their handbooks. The notion of golden middle-way business ethics is to promote long-term business success while maintaining social peace and healthy environments. Modern organizations should orient toward this ideal, focusing on data driven, ethical, and sustainable ways to enable safe, secure, and privacy preserving societies. This could be achieved by using design science research for information systems, fuzzy system modeling, and engineering, presenting a developing field of business informatics. System theory and engineering have proven to be a basis of design science research. They allow for a revival of the old idea of the honorable merchant in the age of digital transformation. In our fuzzy sets and systems trilogy (I–III), we split the managerial sphere into three layers: Fuzzy sets and systems I looks at the individual, fuzzy sets and systems II at the organizational, and fuzzy sets and systems III at the societal level of a (digital) honorable merchant. Complexity, composition, and combination, as well as control, are its fundamental concepts. Concerning its ideas, theories allow for statements regarding the scalability and efficiency of future business information systems and, at the same time, that can be experimentally verified. Fuzzy sets and systems are not for those who just execute; instead, they are for individuals interested in computer science, engineering information systems, and innovation management who want to make a difference. Hence, it is also for leaders who should not interpret anything as strictly yes or no. Instead, considering both sides of an argument, they should also analyze the underlying data. Lotfi Zadeh established fuzzy logic in his work on fuzzy sets. Complex management decisions trigger fuzzy sets, for simple concepts are more apt to be crisp and complex ones to be vague. Fuzzy logic is not a logic that is fuzzy, but rather it is a logic that describes and tames fuzziness. The theory is not logic per se; rather, it is a theory of fuzzy sets that calibrate vagueness. This suggests that Aristotelian binary laws of thought oversimplify an inordinate complex world, which we have been using for more than the last two millennia for lack of better knowledge. Zadeh’s theories were premised on approximate reasoning. Using fuzzy logic, so to speak, managers are not just good or bad, but relatively good or bad on a granulated scale that includes all possible elements. Our trilogy takes the use cases from fuzzy sets and systems, which gives way to more data-driven, ethical, and sustainable business informatics. Today, mathematics often has an overlap with natural, cultural, and humanistic systems. The challenge is the sheer complexity of living organisms. Fuzzy logic reflects how people think, addressing this organic and biological challenge. It partly models our sense of words, perceptions, decision-making, and recognition of sights and sounds. As a result, it is leading to more humanistic machines. With this in mind, the cases in this trilogy comprise research from graduate theses that are taken from the international Springer book series on fuzzy management methods1. Fuzzy sets and systems originated from Andreas Meier’s information systems research group at the University of Fribourg in Switzerland. Therefore, a great deal of appreciation is due to him, not only for starting but also for founding the FMsquare Foundation2. The second thanks goes to all the students who created the basis for this book: Aigul Kaskina, Alexander Denzler, Daniel Fasel, Darius Zumstein, Michael Kaufmann, Nicolas Werro, and Roland Schütze. Meanwhile, with Jhonny Pincay Nieves and Moreno Colombo, the next generation worked out a Ph.D. thesis, thanking them for their contribution, too. In addition, this book includes results from two doctoral theses from friends and colleagues whom we would like to thank at this point: Rédina Berkachy and Zoumpolia Dikopoulou. The following students served as guinea pigs and should be thanked: Alain Schaller, Charbel Nehme, David Bucher, Elia Widmer, Jérôme Vonlanthen, Kilian Quentin Ruchti, Maria Alejandra Cardoza Ceron, Minh Tue Nguyen, Nanae Aubry, Nicholas Ross, Nicolas Maier, Tony Licata, Viktor Zaika, and Yanisa Butphrom. The following fellows supported us in making our text and figures: Astrid Habenstein, Carlos Jordán, David Huser, Irene Soraya Gavilánez Romero, Jonathan Mendieta, Nicholas Kaegi, and Remo Kaelin. At Springer, our thanks goes to Barbara Bethke, Christian Rauscher, Jialin Yan, Prashanth Mahagaonkar, and Ruth Milewski for their support. Last but not least, next to all the unnamed helpers, we owe thanks to the late father of fuzzy sets, Lotfi Zadeh. He belonged to a world where there were no boundaries limited to time or place. Sustainable and ethical debates on corporate digital and social responsibility are reflected in citizens’ minds, especially in times of tax scandals, mass layoffs, and insider trading. Socially committed organizations are clearly in vogue, and sustainability helps the environment and supports companies to grow and achieve the right public image in today’s digital transformation. The values of honorable merchants are today as much a part of exemplary business behavior as they were then. In many cases, this helps implement not only social but also digital responsibility into business environments. This is the heart of the fuzzy sets and systems trilogy.