دانلود کتاب کد جنگ – چگونه ملت‌ها میدان نبرد دیجیتال را هک، جاسوسی و شکل می‌دهند

This book is not about how the world ends. It will not tell you how a cyberattack will end society as we know it in the year 2030, or that a cyberattack alone will kick off the next world war. Those ideas make for flashy headlines but fail to consider the nature of society and, as an extension, geopolitical conflict, which is inherently multidimensional. Every one of us, from the most technologically sophisticated 30-year-old engineer from MIT to the grandfather born during World War I, interacts with technology today—but never in isolation. For every social media message, there is a person to meet IRL; for every set of Maps directions, there is a location to go to; for every online search for a recipe, there is a kitchen and vegetables to cook. The point of technology is to interact with the environment better. Even the most complicated, hidden kinds of technology are built for this ultimate goal. It may not seem like that, especially when you’re looking at blockchain, middleware, or quantum computing. But much like physical technology, it is merely a means to a real-world end. Take a simple axle—the axle alone may not have much effect on your life. You may look at an axle and think, that doesn’t fit into my life at all. I’ve never seen that before, I don’t know how it works, so it must not be important. But ultimately, rails connect to wheels, wheels connect to axles, axles connect to the chassis, the chassis connects to the floor, the floor connects to the seats, and all these parts make up a train that takes you to your parents’ house for Sunday dinner. When described separately, the components lose their meaning. But together, the meaning becomes clear: The train is technology you use to see your parents. The same is true of software. A random number generator alone may not have much effect on your life. You may look at a random number generator and think, that doesn’t fit into my life at all. I’ve never seen that before, I don’t know how it works, so it must not be important. But ultimately, a random number generator is the basis for a strong key, which is required for strong encryption, which is used to encrypt your text messages so that only the people you want to read them, at the time you want them to read them, can. The outcome always leads back to interactions with nature. This is also the case in cybersecurity; for every ransomware attack, there is an organization trying to stay online—such as a hospital trying to keep equipment up and running so that patients get treatment. For every espionage operation, there is a piece of information that someone wants to keep secret, such as intellectual property of a new breakthrough electric vehicle, or the location and personal information of a spy. For every attack that defaces a public website, there are users trying to access it to get services. If there is no real-world outcome to a cyberattack, nation-state attackers do not do it. Cyberattacks in a vacuum, without an environmental outcome, are meaningless. The motivation is always the interaction with nature. That is what this book is about—the realworld effects of nation-state cyberattacks and how, through understanding what motivates them, we can understand what will come next.