دانلود کتاب شیمی تجزیه برای راهکارهای زیست‌محیطی: عناصر تغییر

Environmental analytical chemistry has developed from traditional analytical chemistry to a well-known field that appeals to a wide range of environmental scientists, engineers, and chemists. Whereas analytical chemistry is the area that focuses on determining the qualitative and quantitative composition of matter (Christian et al., 2013), analytical chemistry provides an essential basis for environmental sciences, making it easier to find, identify, and measure chemical residues in soil, water, air, and biota. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), pesticides, and heavy metals are examples of traditional pollutants that still pose serious environmental risks (Goyal & Kumar, 2022). The environmental burden of pollutants, such as heavy metals, POPs, pharmaceuticals, microplastics, and a broad category known as contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), is increasing due to the growth of industrialization, intensive agriculture, and urbanization (Petrie et al., 2015). Ecosystems and human health may be seriously endangered by these pollutants, even at trace levels (Harvey, 2000). Analytical chemistry offers essential methods and instruments for identifying, describing, and monitoring these compounds in environmental matrices in order to tackle such difficult problems. Modern approaches rely on sophisticated instrumental techniques like gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (LC), and mass spectrometry (MS), which enable the detection of pollutants at parts-per-billion or even parts-per-trillion levels, whereas classical methods concentrated on bulk measurements (Apetroaei et al., 2020). By making it possible to find unknown or unregulated pollutants, the advancement of high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), nontarget screening, and passive sampling techniques has further transformed environmental monitoring. Analytical chemistry is therefore a vital tool for regulatory compliance, risk assessment, and well-informed decision-making in environmental protection and sustainability, in addition to providing a basis for environmental surveillance and pollution mitigation (Lapworth et al., 2012)