دانلود کتاب مواد پلیمری هوافضا

Upon proceeding further from the earth’s surface, the circumstances change and become more chaotic. For example, the temperature in the upper atmosphere drops below -40 °C to -57 °C at altitudes between 30,000 and 40,000 feet, which is where most jet planes operate. Several factors, including wind speed/turbulence, low air pressure, and charged particles, make the selection of substances with the desired attributes difficult, leaving room for the discovery and development of novel materials. The expertise is so demanding that each airplane has over a million components, each with its own set of attributes to tune.