دانلود کتاب ارگونومی در رباتیک: پیشرفت‌ها و نوآوری‌ها، جلد ۱

As President and Past-President of the International Ergonomics and Human Factors Association (IEA), we are proud to introduce readers to Volume 1 of the first comprehensive book on ‘Ergonomics in Robotics’. The IEA is a coalition of more than 62 federated and affiliated national societies of human factors and ergonomics (HFE), as well as 5 regional IEA networks and sustaining corporate and individual members. The purpose of the IEA is to work closely with our coalition to expand the application of HFE and to contribute to society through the improvement of quality of life for all. We therefore work with international partners such as the International Standards Organisation, the International Labour Organisation, the World Health Organisation, and a range of related disciplines to ensure that HFE is embedded in fundamental global initiatives. The official definition of HFE, adopted at the IEA Congress in 2000, is: “the scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data, and methods to design in order to optimize human well-being and overall system performance.” In essence, HFE is a systems discipline that combines our whole-of-person systemic understanding of people (i.e., their anatomical, physiological, biomechanical, psychological, and social dimensions) and their interactions with systems (i.e., environmental, technological, and sociological) to improve system performance while simultaneously improving the quality of life for all. This book applies an HFE lens to the study of robotic system and systems that include robotics. In its simplest form, this book considers a wide range of humanrobot interactions in order to understand what is required to create appropriate humanrobotic systems. This means considering aspects such as the physical, cognitive, and organisational components of human-robotic system interactions. These are recognised by the IEA as the three core domains of HFE. In its more complex form, this book also considers the broader implications of human societies that include robotic systems. This means considering aspects such as the implications of humanrobotic systems in the context of culture, values, trust, oversight and control, changes to social and community dynamics, and the impact on our environment. In doing so, this book examines the HFE tools and methods that can be used to understand and design human-robotic systems and considers the HFE implications in a range of different application domains including industrial, agricultural, health care, and social contexts. For decades, human-robotic systems have been considered by much of society to be just science fiction. Yet, robotic systems have slowly, but surely, infiltrated almost all aspects of our society. Robotics are now ubiquitous with industrial production lines, robotics in farming, robotics in hospitality, robotics in the military, robotics for space and planetary exploration, and robotics to help us complete our domestic chores. In some parts of the world it is not unusually to see robots checking us into hotels, vacuuming our homes, mowing our lawns, serving us meals, and delivering parcels to rooms. Sometimes robotic systems are hidden from sight for all but those creating the systems, but more often we are seeing robotic systems becoming both more visible and more physically independent from their human operators. The melding of artificial intelligence and autonomy with robotics may soon give us robotic systems that may replace many of our mundane, unsafe, and physically demanding tasks. However, these robotic systems will need to appropriately integrate with the needs and abilities of humans. There are instances where robotic systems threaten to take jobs away from people, where poorly designed robotic systems pose potential physical harm to human operators, and where human-robot teaming has not be taken into account. This book is therefore a timely reminder of the importance of embedding HFE into the design processes early to ensure that human-robotic systems are appropriately designed to be useful, efficient, effective, healthy, and safe for humanity now and well into the future. Finally, we would like to congratulate the members of the IEA’s Human Factors in Robotics Technical Committee for this brilliant initiative fully articulated with the IEA’s strategic policies where one of the main foci is to promote HFE’s state-of-art understanding in emerging technologies.