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This Essential Guide to Clinical Ultrasound is part of the Clark’s series of diagnostic imaging books. This particular title aims to provide an overview and guide to a wide range of ultrasound examinations.

Every patient’s journey into healthcare must start with a diagnosis, and almost every diagnostic pathway includes imaging. Add this to the fact that ultrasound is the most widely used modality in the world after plain radiography, and the importance of ultrasound becomes clear. The figures in England alone bear this out,¹ showing that there are more ultrasound examinations performed than CT and MRI scans combined. In those parts of the world where more expensive equipment is beyond reach, the proportionate use of ultrasound is even higher, and its importance in medical care and diagnosis even more crucial.

This expanding use of ultrasound has led to technical advances and an ever-increasing range of applications, creating a demand for accessible information on the best use of ultrasound in diagnosis and interventions. This textbook, covering the essentials of ultrasound, will be of help both to learners and to practitioners who are asked to scan an area beyond their usual practice, or who encounter advances in technology for the first time. While many users will reach for the internet to expand their knowledge, a printed book sets information in context, enabling the reader to re-read and cross-reference more easily than when scrolling on a screen. Research has shown that readers of print books absorb and remember more information than readers of e-books do, and that students who read texts in print scored significantly better on the reading comprehension test than students who read the texts digitally.² Purchasers of this book can have the best of both worlds, with access to the printed version for depth of information and overall context, and an e-version for quick and easy reference in the clinical setting. As ultrasound is a highly skilled, dynamic examination, this textbook aims to assist the reader to develop the appropriate underpinning knowledge, but cannot replace the need for supervised hands-on clinical practice, experience, assessment of clinical skills and continual audit of clinical practice.

Of course, there are already many ultrasound textbooks available, but as lecturer-practitioners and ultrasound programme directors, the authors have often struggled to find textbooks that are at the right level for students and also cover the range of topics that are required for today’s practice. We have written this book to this end, acknowledging that in today’s healthcare setting it is not enough for sonographers to capture a series of images; they must also analyse what they see before them in real time, interpret findings, determine whether to extend the examination, and write clear, comprehensive, actionable clinical reports, and recommend further management options, if applicable. We have therefore used the highest available standards to suggest a comprehensive imaging procedure for each examination.

The operator dependence of this dynamic imaging modality raises the bar for competency and continuing education, and the underlying science for this is outlined in the first chapter, ‘Principles of sonog­raphy’. There follow 12 chapters based on anatomical systems, each including a short introduction, indications for referrals, patient prepa­ration, the imaging procedure, and finally an image analysis section covering the more common findings. Each chapter has a full reference list. The last two chapters cover generic applications in emergency and interventional ultrasound, and the use of new technologies – contrast imaging, fusion imaging, and artificial intelligence.