دانلود کتاب مرزها به رنگ قرمز – مدیریت تنوع در اتحاد جماهیر شوروی اولیه

In any book about the Soviet Union, it is all but impossible to avoid using dozens of abbreviations and acronyms. The Soviet Union rested on a state bureaucracy and the Communist Party apparatus, and these institutions in Moscow were replicated throughout the Soviet republics. State structures were run by a Central Executive Committee (Tsentral’nyi ispolnitel’nyi komitet, TsIK) that decided administrative territorial issues until the 1936 constitutional reform. From 1923 until 1936, the All-Union TsIK was the formal head of the Soviet state. In turn, the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (RSFSR) had its All-Russian Central Executive Committee, the VTsIK (Vserossiiskii tsentral’nyi ispolnitel’nyi komitet); and the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic (UkrSSR) had its All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee, the VUTsVK (Vseukraïns’kyi tsentral’nyi vykonavchyi komitet).1 Within each TsIK were various subcommissions, whose work was supervised by the TsIK secretary. Likewise, each government (Sovet narodnykh komissarov, Sovnarkom or SNK) had its own set of commissions. Of these, the most important here is the State Planning Commission (Gosudarstvennaia planovaia komissiia, Gosplan). Gosplan, too, had regional and local commissions throughout the Bolshevik realm. The UkrSSR, for example, had UkrDerzhplan, while Kursk Guberniia had Kursk Gubplan.