دانلود کتاب آلوا میردال – پیشگام در خلع سلاح هسته ای

International disarmament’s first real leader, Alva Myrdal, was born in Uppsala in 1902 and died in 1986, a day after her 84th birthday. She led a rich and varied life, becoming an active and important figure in sociology, child education, and (most notably) international disarmament. Her university studies included psychology and family sociology. She graduated from Stockholm University in 1924 with a Bachelor of Science and the same year married Gunnar Myrdal, who became a well-known sociologist. The couple came to the USA in 1929, courtesy of a Rockefeller Schol-arship. Alva used this opportunity to deepen her studies in the fields of psychology, education, and sociology. She was particularly interested in early childhood educa-tion. Both Myrdals were impressed by the huge economic and social disparities in the USA. This inequality affected both of their political outlooks significantly—in their words, making their views “radical.”

They both went on to study in Geneva for a time. After their return to Sweden, Alva Myrdal came to public attention as a prominent figure in the establishment of the Swedish welfare state in the early 1930s. In 1934, she co-authored an important book with her husband Gunnar entitled “Crisis in the Population Question.” The book explored social reforms needed to provide more liberty to Swedish women so that they could have more children—population decline at the time being a concern in Sweden and many other European states. The book also emphasized the importance of parents and the community sharing responsibilities for the education of children.

In the mid-forties, Gunnar Myrdal published a book entitled “An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and American Democracy.” This well-known study of American racism was influential in the decision and the language of the US Supreme Court decision Brown vs. the Board of Education, which provided the legal basis for desegregating public schools in America. In addition, the book added considerably to the fame of both Myrdals.

In 1936, Alva Myrdal became Director of the National Education Seminar, a position from which she could put into practice her theories about childhood and preschool education. After more work on the issue of domestic liberty for women in Sweden and living in the USA for some years, Alva became politically active as a long-time member of the Swedish Social Democratic Party. She focused on international issues. From 1950 to 1956, she held senior positions at UNESCO and for several years thereafter held diplomatic posts for Sweden in South Asia. In 1962, Alva Myrdal was elected to the Riksdag and became the Swedish delegate to the UN disarmament conference in Geneva. This was when the door truly opened for her and she kept this role until 1973—for 11 years.