دانلود کتاب فناوری های تولید انرژی پایدار و پاک

Petro-based fuel is getting depleted vastly with the current higher rate of consumption following the rapid development of industries. With the limited availability of petro fuels, global warming, and pollution due to petroleum-derived greenhouse gases (GHGs), the world’s concern turns toward alternative, thirdgeneration biofuel which are supposedly sustainable and eco-friendly. Third-generation biofuels include the fuel types produced with microalgae and cyanobacteria and are popular alternative energies. Most of the water bodies in tropical and subtropical regions in the world are being eutrophicated, due to the optimum light, temperature, and nutrients which accelerated the growth of microalgae and cyanobacteria. Blooms of microalgae and cyanobacteria adversely affect socially, economically, and environmentally landscapes profoundly. A limited number of studies in the world have revealed that the biomass of microalgae and cyanobacteria is an untapped treasure chest, as feedstocks for many biofuel types, especially their lipids, have a great potential for biodiesel. The trans-esterification process enhances the fuel properties and transforms lipids into their relevant lipid ester form, and oxygenated lipid ester molecules enhance the burning property of the fuel product. Most cyanobacteria and microalgae are r strategic microorganisms with greater reproduction and growth rate in even harsh environmental conditions forming cyanobacterial and microalgal blooms which makes a high potential to be used for biodiesel. Though biodiesel from cyanobacteria or microalgae lipids is a key alternative liquid fuel, it has many challenges in replacing the petrodiesel completely for compression-ignition (CI) engines without modifications, as a neat product. This chapter discusses the production of biodiesel from microalgae and cyanobacteria and the important challenges concerning the world context.