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Soybean (Glycine max L. (Merr)) is one of the most important crops worldwide. Its seeds are vital for both protein meal and vegetable oil. Among the various con­straints responsible for decrease in soybean yields are the biotic and abiotic stresses which have recently increased as a result of changing climatic scenarios at global level. Tremendous efforts have been made for cultivar development and germplasm enhancement through conventional plant breeding. This has resulted in develop­ment of many high-yielding and climate-resilient soybean varieties. Despite this development, conventional plant breeding is long term by nature, resource depen­dent, and climate dependent. Due to the advancement in genetics and genomics of soybean and availability of large genotypic data, as well as advances in the phenom­ics, the development of soybean genotypes has been advanced, and more complex traits like biotic and abiotic stresses have been addressed. Significant advancements have been accomplished in identification of genes for yield improvement, tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress, and increased quality parameters in soybean and their deployment both through transgenic approaches and marker-assisted selection. Molecular breeding has become routine, and with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies resulting in SNP based molecular markers, soybean improvement has taken a new pace and resulted in mapping of genes for various traits like disease resistance, insect resistance, high oil content, and improved yield. Advanced breeding procedures like genomic selection are adding in the precision for predicting traits of importance. Therefore, in the present book, entitled Soybean Breeding: Physiological, Molecular and Genetic Perspectives, an effort has been made to include chapters from renowned potential soybean scientists to discuss the latest updates on soybean molecular and genetic perspectives elucidating the com­plex mechanisms to develop biotic and abiotic stress resilience in soybean.