دانلود کتاب مواد بیواکتیو مواد غذایی

Today, bioactive compounds, as functional biomolecules, are employed in food and pharmaceuticals since they offer an added value in terms of health properties. As an example, phenolic compounds are a common category of functional molecules that display specific biological activities (e.g., antioxidant properties). Additionally, carotenoids, tocopherols, and peptides are also among the natural antioxidants, which may present a further application since they can improve the sensory properties (color, taste, etc.) when embedded into food formulations. Aromas, flavors, and fragrances are another category of chemicals (>22,000 individual molecules), such as short-chain alkanes and alkenes (with or without oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur), alcohols, esters, ketones, and organic acids. These organic solutes are responsible for typical odors in plants, fruits, fungi, and animals, which are involved in the manufacture protocols of many foods, beverages, feeds, personal care items, perfumes, and household products, among other commercial products. Interestingly, such food ingredients can be found in natural products (e.g., fruits, vegetables), by-products and co-products (such as wastes, wastewaters), and fermentation broths. However, the separation of such ingredients from the original substrates is a great challenge since many other compounds are also contained in the matrix, making the extraction and purification more complex. At this point, membrane technologies have been pointed out as a feasible separation pathway for extraction since they use a physical perm-selective barrier to perform the separation of micro/macromolecules from complex systems. Depending on the membrane type and process, these technologies can successfully carry out the purification and concentration of a variety of biomolecules. The use of membrane techniques has been potentially extended to such complex and tough separation applications due to their multiple advantages such as:
• Low-energy demand
• High separation/recovery rates
• No degradation of thermolabile molecules
• Easy scale-up
• Simple operating parameters
• High productivity (i.e., permeation fluxes)
• No additional phases needed