دانلود کتاب شبکیه و زجاجیه 2022–2023 BCSC درس علوم پایه و بالینی

BCSC Section 12, Ret ina and Vitreous, is arranged into 3 parts. Part I, Fundamentals and Diagnostic Approaches, covers ret i nal anatomy, imaging, and functional evaluation in 3 chapters. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the anatomy of the posterior segment. Chapter 2 discusses examination techniques, including dilated slit- lamp biomicroscopy in combination with precorneal non– contact or contact lenses, as well as indirect ophthalmoscopy, which is often aided by scleral indentation to facilitate viewing the anterior ret ina. Documenting clinical findings, either by description or by illustration, remains an essential ele ment of a complete posterior segment examination. Ancillary testing, such as fundus photography, autofluorescence, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, microperimetry, and electrophysiology, may provide additional diagnostic information or help detect changes over time. The vari ous incarnations of OCT (time- domain, spectraldomain, and swept- source) deserve special mention. OCT has become perhaps the most commonly ordered ancillary ophthalmic test and is revolutionizing our understanding of many vitreoret i nal conditions. Ultrasonography (also called echography) employing both A- and B- scan techniques, is useful for examining patients with opaque media, can aid in the diagnosis of ret i nal or choroidal lesions, and can be used to monitor a lesion’s size. Chapter 3 reviews electrophysiologic tests and their significance in diagnosis and followup of ret i nal disease. Part II, Diseases of the Ret ina and Vitreous, which includes Chapters 4 through 17, covers specific diseases of and trauma to the posterior segment. Appropriate diagnostic techniques are indicated throughout these discussions. By necessity, the illustrative findings associated with the described vitreoret i nal diseases are presented as highlights— using schematics as well as the dif fer ent imaging technologies— rather than as a comprehensive collection. Narratives describing the management of, and therapy for, the ret i nal diseases covered in Part II are complemented by descriptions of the impor tant clinical trials that have helped establish appropriate evidence- based practices. As part of the major revision of the book, content in Part II has been reor ga nized. Congenital and stationary ret i nal disease, discussed in a separate chapter in the last edition, is now part of Chapter 12, “Hereditary Ret i nal and Choroidal Disease.” Also, the chapter titled “Diseases of the Vitreous and Vitreoret i nal Interface,” which previously appeared after “Ret i nal Detachment and Predisposing Lesions,” now precedes it, providing a more logical flow.