دانلود کتاب بیماری های باکتریایی ماهی – محدودیت های زیست محیطی و اقتصادی

Fish supply people with long-term benefits, including food and the direct financial benefits of providing employment, profits, and saving money. More indirect but equally valuable benefits of fish and aquatic ecosystems include recreational boating, sport fishing, swimming, and relaxation. Consumption of seafoods has taken place from ancient times. Fish are the most essential source of proteins for humans and have high nutritional value. Fish are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, with much medical evidence behind their efficacy. On the other side, fish health is affected due to close contact between the marine environment and the fish pathogens, which disrupts the stable supply of fishes around the world as well as affects fish health. Fish diseases are caused by bacterial and fungal pathogens and aquatic environmental factors, such as poor water quality, are accountable for mass mortalities of fishes. Environmental and industrial pollutants are a neglected source that impacts the aquatic ecosystem. Pollutants can have direct and indirect impacts on the behavior of aquatic organisms. The fish biota may be affected by pollution by altering their biochemical, respiratory, and population structure, as well as developmental and structural functions. Many types of organic and inorganic contaminants including plastics, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and metals are released by humans into the environment, both aquatic and terrestrial. Contaminants from agricultural activities, such as pesticides, are highly toxic to nontarget organisms, including fish.