دانلود کتاب حمل و نقل هوایی و یارانه های آن

The present book analyses air traffic from the perspective of the subsidies it receives. A subsidy is a grant that comes from public bodies and goes to private businesses. In air traffic, one finds subsidies at smaller and larger airports, with airlines, with manufacturers, and at research institutes. The subsidies are relatively uncoordinated and granted by local authorities, state and federal authorities, up to the level of the European Union. Because of this uncoordinated approach, there is a lack of overview of the entire system. This gap is to be closed by the present book. The book starts from the concept of subsidies of the OECD, which includes transfers of money and goods, tax privileges, provided goods and services such as infrastructure, as well as non-internalized external effects, i.e. environmental damage that may be caused without compensation. With this delimitation, the topic of subsidies is dealt with in 16 chapters. Each of the focused cases is widely illuminated and, if possible, specific numerical values are given.