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Quantum cryptography is the science of exploiting quantum mechanical properties to perform cryptographic tasks. Quantum cryptography attributes its beginning to the work of Stephen Wiesner and Gilles Brassard in the early 1970s. The best-known example of quantum cryptography is quantum key distribution, which offers an information-theoretically secure solution to the key exchange problem. Quantum cryptography uses individual particles of light, or photons representing binary bits, to transmit data over fiber optic wire. The security of the system relies on quantum mechanics. The best-known developed application of quantum cryptography is quantum key distribution (QKD), which is the process of using quantum communication to establish a shared key between two parties. The security of QKD can be proven mathematically without imposing any restrictions on the abilities of an eavesdropper; something not possible with classical key distribution.