دانلود کتاب سلاح‌های هسته‌ای، تاریخچه بین‌المللی

It is a pleasure as well as a duty to acknowledge the help I received when writing this book. I first want to thank colleagues at the Center for International Security and Cooperation (CISAC) at Stanford University. My work has been shaped and enriched by CISAC. John Lewis and Sidney Drell established the Center in the early 1980s, creating a strong multidisciplinary community. I have had the opportunity to work with, and to learn from, colleagues at the Center, among them John Lewis, Sidney Drell, Philip Farley, George Bunn, all now deceased, and with William Perry, Michael May, Scott Sagan, Lynn Eden, Siegfried Hecker, Leonard Weiss, Tom Fingar, Pavel Podvig, and Rose Gottemoeller. CISAC stablished contact with counterparts in China and the Soviet Union/Russia to arrange workshops and joint projects. These meetings were not devoted to history, but they provided insights into how issues were understood and talked about in different countries. I learned a lot from those meetings. I owe particular thanks to Leonid Riabikhin, Executive Secretary of the Committee of Scientists for Global Security and Arms Control in Moscow, for cooperating in arranging meetings over a period of more than thirty years. Thanks are due also to Alla Kassianova, who did a great deal from the Stanford side to make those contacts work. I have had the opportunity to work with predoctoral and postdoctoral fellows at CISAC, among them Leyatt Betre, Stephen Buono, James Cameron, Debak Das, Edward Geist, Toshihiro Higuchi, Jonathan Hunt, Yogesh Joshi, Andreas Lutsch, Ryan Musto, Benoît Pelopidas, Farzan Sabet, Magda Stawkowski, Joseph Torigian, Kristin ven Bruusgaard, Sanne Verschuren, and Anna Weichselbraun. I benefited greatly from conversations with them. In 2006 George Shultz and Sidney Drell organized a conference at the Hoover Institution to mark the 20th anniversary of the Reykjavik meeting between Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev. The aim was to rekindle the vision of a world without nuclear weapons. I am grateful for the opportunity to take part in the project that emerged from that conference, working closely with the two organizers and with James Goodby. Colleagues at Stanford have been helpful in various ways – in discussing ideas and the interpretation of specific events; in providing documents and identifying promising sources; in reading and commenting on drafts. I am very grateful for the help I received from Alain Enthoven, Jim Fearon, Gil-li Vardi, Amir Weiner and Philip Zelikow. I owe a particular debt to Norman Naimark and Jim Sheehan. Colleagues at other institutions have been similarly helpful: Rabia Akhtar, Mariana Budjeryn, Matthew Evangelista, Frank Gavin, Tsuyoshi Hasegawa, Jonathan Haslam, Matthew Jones, Mark Kramer, Eli Levite, Milton Leitenberg, Ori Rabinowitz, and Mikhail Tsypkin. Over the years I co-taught seminars on nuclear questions. My partners were Vladislav Zubok, Barton Bernstein, Theodore Postol, and Andreas Lutsch, from all of whom I had much to learn. I benefited greatly from taking part in the Nuclear Proliferation International History Project (NPIHP) headed by Leopoldo Nuti of Roma Tre University and Christian Ostermann of the Wilson Center in Washington DC. Each year, the NPIHP has brought together from around the world fifteen graduate students working on nuclear history for a ten-day “boot camp.” It was a great pleasure to engage with the fellows and to teach with the late Martin Sherwin, to have as colleagues Leopoldo Nuti, Giordana Pulcini, Elisabeth Roehrlich, Christian Ostermann, Matthew Jones, Tom Blanton, Svetlana Savranskaya, Jayita Sarkar, Joseph Pilat, and others. I have been fortunate to have excellent research assistants at Stanford, among them Alisha Adam, Anya Vodopyanov, Sadika Hameed, and Sima Gandhi. I was particularly helped by students who searched for materials on China and translated those documents for me: Liyan Chen, Laura Conigliaro, Sabrina Jiang, Hannah DeGeorge Mueller, Hao Yan, and Angela Zhang. Wang Ting translated some technical materials. Alexey Chernyavskii searched in Moscow archives for relevant material, while Shubhra Chaturvedi identified files of interest in the UK National Archives at Kew. I owe a great deal to archivists in the United States, Britain, Germany and Russia, where I have conducted research. The Hoover Institution’s Archives have been a great resource. Digital archives have been important too. The collections of Chinese and Indian documents at the Wilson Center’s digital archive have been especially helpful. The National Security Archive, which provides access to a large array of documents – mainly U.S. and Soviet/Russian – has been a great asset too, and William Burr a very helpful guide to the available documents. Rosatom’s Electronic Library is an essential resource for anyone doing research on Soviet nuclear history. During the writing of this book, I have been fortunate to spend time at the Nobel Institute in Oslo, at Pembroke College Cambridge, and at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford. I am grateful to the Smith Richardson Foundation, which generously awarded me a grant to support the writing of this book. I want also to acknowledge support from the MacArthur Foundation and the Carnegie Corporation of New York for other projects in the period in which I worked on this book. Heather McCallum, Rachael Lonsdale, Katie Urquhart, and Natalie Parker-Burlton of Yale University Press have managed to convert an unruly manuscript into a book. I am most grateful to them for that. As the recipient of so much help, I alone am responsible for errors and deficiencies, for the book’s imperfections. My greatest debt is to my wife, Arlene, who put up with my absences when I was traveling to do research, and with my presence at home when I was writing the book. I dedicate it to her, with my love.