دانلود کتاب فیزیک هسته ای و ذرات

This textbook on the introduction to Nuclear and Particle Physics for undergraduate students, is essentially the English translation of the 4th volume of a German textbook series on Experimental Physics. It follows the foregoing three English volumes on Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Electrodynamics and Optics and Atoms, Molecules and Photons. It tries to explain the essentials and basic ideas of our knowledge about atomic nuclei and elementary particles, the different ways how we got this knowledge and the physical essence of the theories based on the experimental results. The author wants to convince the readers about the importance of these fields in physics, not only because nuclei form the basic building blocks of the matter surrounding us, and they constituted the first matter at the beginning of our universe, but also because of their importance for many applications in medicine, technology, energy production and environmental sciences. It has opened the way for our understanding of stars and their radiation, about the processes at the “big bang” 14.5 billion years ago, but also about many biochemical processes in our body, the detection of diseases and the understanding of metabolic processes. There are many other fields where the application of radioactive nuclei has brought more detailed information. One example is the age determination of fossils or minerals, which has not only increased our knowledge about the life of our ancestors several thousand years ago, but could also confirm the estimations about the age of our earth. If the expectations about the technical realization of nuclear fusion reactors will be fulfilled, the CO2 problem with the resultant increase of the atmospheric temperature and all its consequences can be solved. Although the applications of particle physics are not as numerous as those of nuclear physics, its importance lies more on the intellectual side. It helps us to understand the basic foundations of our world, the questions about smallest indivisible particles and the borderline between matter and energy. Since the former belief that atoms were the smallest indivisible particles could be. meanwhile. confuted by proving that they can be divided into nuclei and electrons. Now the border to the smallest particles has been shifted farther. Now even nuclei can be split into nucleons which again consist of quarks. The question, whether quarks can be still further divided is still open, but is seems that quarks do not constitute matter in the conventional sense, but form a time-dependent mixture of energy and matter. Such questions about the fundamental understanding of the basic elements of our world should be of great interest for every reflective student. The author hopes that his textbook helps to improve the understanding of these fields. He would be grateful about every question and any hint to possible errors. The author tries to answer every e-mail as soon as possible.