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Advanced topics in object-oriented programming (OOP) in Python delve into more complex concepts and techniques beyond the basics. Here’s an overview of some advanced topics: Metaprogramming: Metaprogramming involves writing code that manipulates Python code at runtime. This includes tech niques such as decorators, class decorators, metaclasses, and modifying class definitions dynamically. Decorators: Functions that modify the behavior of other functions or methods. Metaclasses: Classes whose instances are classes. They allow you to customize class creation and behavior. Class decorators: Functions that modify the behavior of classes.