دانلود کتاب هورمون های تیروئید – روش ها و پروتکل ها

The thyroid hormones (THs), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), play an essential role in a wide variety of physiological processes such as development, growth, and metabo- lism. Thyroid hormones (TH) are synthesized in the thyroid gland, whose function is regulated by the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis and are released into the bloodstream. The classical molecular mechanism of thyroid hormone action is genomic and involves nuclear thyroid hormone receptors (TRs), whereby thyroid hormones enter cells via the ATP-dependent monocarboxylate transporters MCT8 and MCT10 and organic anion transporter proteins. Once inside, thyroid hormones exert their action through nuclear TR receptors that act as ligand-dependent transcription factors. There is also another pathway of action that is not genomic. This pathway begins at a cell surface thyroid hormone receptor analog on the plasma membrane, the αvβ3 integrin, and is very important in promoting cell proliferation in various types of cancer cells. Therefore, this volume focuses not only on thyroid hormones but also on their trans- porters and receptors, through a wide range of methods and protocols that are important for advancing the elucidation of the role of thyroid hormones in our body. This collection covers various aspects of the analysis of the role of thyroid hormones, ranging from conventional methods to state-of-the-art technologies, for in vitro and in vivo studies, through various cellular and experimental animal models and even chapters dedi- cated to clinical practice in humans. Overall, this book is likely to appeal to both scientists in fundamental fields and physicians interested in medical applications.