دانلود کتاب دایرکتوری بین المللی دولت 2022

A new Constitution for the People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria, approved by popular referendum, was promulgated on 22 November 1976. The Constitution was amended by the National People’s Assembly on 30 June 1979 and, by referendum, on 3 November 1988, 23 February 1989 and 28 November 1996. On 8 April 2002 the Assembly approved an amendment that granted Tamazight, the principal language spoken by Algeria’s Berber population, the status of a national language. On 12 November 2008 the Assembly endorsed an amendment to abolish the limit on the number of terms a President may serve. Further amendments to the Constitution were approved by parliament on 7 February 2016, which, inter alia, reinstated the limit on the number of presidential terms to two consecutive terms and stipulated that the Prime Minister must be selected from among the members of the largest party in the legislature. Tamazight was elevated to the status of official language, although it was not granted parity with Arabic as the language of state. Among the amendments to the Constitution approved by referendum on 1 November 2020, was the expansion of the two-term limit on the presidency to encompass both consecutive and non-consecutive terms, and the imposition of a two-term limit on legislators.
Under the terms of the Constitution, Algeria is a multi-party state, with parties subject to approval by the Ministry of the Interior, Local Authorities and Territorial Planning. The head of state is the President of the Republic, who is elected by universal adult suffrage for a five-year term of office, renewable once (either consecutively or non-consecutively). The President presides over a Council of Ministers and a High Security Council. The President must appoint a Prime Minister as head of government, who in turn appoints a Council of Ministers. The bicameral legislature consists of the 407-member National People’s Assembly and the 174-member Council of the Nation. (A presidential decree published in March 2021 reduced the number of seats in the National People’s Assembly from 462 to 407, as of the June 2021 elections.) The members of the National People’s Assembly are elected by universal, direct, secret suffrage for a five-year term. Two-thirds of the members of the Council of the Nation are elected by indirect, secret suffrage from regional and municipal authorities; the remainder are appointed by the President of the Republic. The Council’s term of office is six years; one-half of its members are replaced every three years. Both the head of government and the parliamentary chambers may initiate legislation, which must be deliberated upon by the National People’s Assembly and the Council of the Nation, respectively, before promulgation.
The country is divided into 58 departments (wilayat), which are, in turn, sub-divided into communes. Each wilaya and commune has an elected assembly.