دانلود کتاب کاهش اثرات زیست‌محیطی نظام‌های سلامت: میان نوآوری مقتصدانه و هوش مصنوعی

The millions of masks in the sea and the rivers have become a tragic symbol of the healthcare system in the COVID-19 era. First barriers in the face of the adversity, they have also become a lasting and visible mark of a system largely based on single-use. Although the contribution of waste to the overall impact of the healthcare sector is relatively small (ca 5-10% in terms of carbon footprint), they highlight the idea that the healthcare sector is at the same time saving lives and jeopardizing others via the degradation of ecosystems, thus going against its very mission of non-maleficence (primum non nocere). Healthcare (HC) systems collectively account for 5 % of the global carbon emissions. It is common to represent it by saying that if they were a country, they would be the fourth largest emitter.
Yet, in recent years, things have begun to shift, and initiatives deployed to reduce emissions within healthcare institutions are booming. New guidelines, protocols, and technologies are emerging across various contexts in an effort to reduce their environmental footprint, i. and to address the disconnect many healthcare professionals experience between what they signed up for (save lives) and the reality that health-care systems may simultaneously harm others through environmental damage. In the Anthropocene, healthcare institutions and professionals often feel insufficiently prepared to assess their environmental impact and, more importantly, to identify effective ways to avoid, reduce, mitigate it. Lack of time, lack of resources, lack of imagination or lack of space to think new ways of providing care are part of the brakes to bring significant changes to daily practices. Although many actors, whether institutional or individual, recognize the need for change, the lack of practical tools, case studies together with bureaucratic constraints and the limited time often make such changes difficult to implement. Framed positively, many institutions and healthcare professionals are in demand to innovate toward more sustainable practices but do not know where to start. This is the raison d’être of this book. We provide responses to these needs by presenting various types of innovation that can help reduce the environmental impacts of healthcare systems. Readers will not find a “cookbook” for innovation in healthcare; rather, they will discover nine distinct forms of innovation that suggest possible directions, along with a critical examination of the dominant current pathway, technological innovation. The ambition of this book is to broaden the reader’s perspective by offering reflections, ideas and tools to support change within healthcare institutions. To this end, this book brings together different conceptual frameworks and case studies, as well as a proposed grammar of innovation. Below, we briefly present what are the core tenets of the book.
The contribution of this book is threefold. First, it proposes a grammar of innovations that can be used to understand how different forms of innovation affect the healthcare sector. Second, it analyses the indicators used to measure both environ-mental impact and innovation. Finally, it critically evaluates the existing literature on innovation in the healthcare sector based on this framework. At present, existing classifications of innovations whether within or beyond the healthcare sector do not adequately capture the variety of tools available. Therefore, efforts are often concentrated on two or three subtypes of innovation rather than on the full spectrum of the 9 forms of innovation. This is due to a number of biases (intervention bias, techno-logical preferences) which tend to filter out other forms of innovation which may be much more promising in terms of reducing environmental impacts. By proposing nine distinct forms of innovation, this book extracts different innovations that are available either in the literature on health innovation or mostly outside. It thus offers a comprehensive portfolio of existing innovations that can be mobilized within the healthcare sector.