دانلود کتاب نسل بعدی غذاهای گیاهی – طراحی، تولید و خواص

There has been a surge of interest by many consumers in moving towards a more plant-based diet. An increasing number of consumers are adopting vegan (no animal products), vegetarian (no meat, but still some dairy and eggs), or pescatarian (no meat, but some fish) diets. More commonly, however, consumers are adopting a flexitarian diet where they still eat meat but are trying to reduce the total amount they consume. Indeed, a survey reported by the Plant-based Foods Association in the United States indicated the number of people identifying as an omnivore, a flexitarian, a vegetarian, or a vegan were 65%, 29%, 4% and 2%, respectively (www. plantbasedfoods.org). People give a variety of reasons for excluding or decreasing animal-based foods in their diet, with the main ones being health, sustainability, and animal welfare (Fox & Ward, 2008; Fresan et al., 2020; Stoll-Kleemann & Schmidt, 2017). As flexitarians currently make up the largest percentage of consumers interested in adopting plant-based foods, and the largest potential untapped market is still omnivores, there has been a focus on creating plant-based foods that accurately simulate the look, feel, and taste of animal-based ones. These products can then easily be incorporated into a person’s diet without making any large lifestyle changes. Animal-based foods include a diverse range of products, such as meat (beef, lamb, pork, chicken, burgers, sausages, nuggets), seafood (fish, shrimps, scallops), dairy (milk, cream, cheese, yogurt), and egg (scrambled egg, mayonnaise, flans) products. Many of these animal-based foods are inherently complex materials whose physicochemical properties, sensory attributes, and nutritional profiles depend on the type and structural organization of the different components they contain. For instance, the proteins in muscle foods are organized into complex nested fibrous structures, which have a pronounced impact on the desirable look, feel, and mouthfeel of these meat and fish products.