دانلود کتاب معاینه بالینی مکلئود

Despite the wealth of diagnostic tools available to the modern clinician, the acquisition of information by direct interaction with the patient through history taking and clinical examination remains the bedrock of clinical practice. An expertly performed history and examination of a patient allow the clinician to reach a differential diagnosis whilst ensuring the patient and their concerns remain central to the process, and avoids potential harm from unnecessary or unjustified tests. This book aims to assist clinicians in developing the consultation skills required to elicit a clear history and the practical examination skills needed to detect clinical signs of disease. Where possible, the physical basis of clinical signs is explained to aid understanding. Formulation of a differential diagnosis from the information gained is introduced, and the logical initial investigations are included for each system. Macleod’s Clinical Examination is designed to be used in conjunction with more detailed texts on pathophysiology, differential diagnosis and clinical medicine. It is closely integrated with Davidson’s Principles and Practice of Medicine and is best read in conjunction with that text. In this edition, the contents have been updated and diversified by a team of existing and new authors, with the aim of creating an accessible and user-friendly text relevant to clinical practice in the 21st century. Section 1 addresses the general principles of good interaction with patients, from the basics of taking a history and examining, to the use of pattern recognition to identify spot diagnoses. Section 2 deals with symptoms and signs in specific systems and Section 3 illustrates the application of these skills to specific clinical situations. Section 4 covers the formulation of a diagnosis, the tailored adaptation of clinical skills for everyday practice and preparation for assessments of these skills. We hope that if young clinicians are encouraged to adopt and adapt these history and examination skills, not only will they serve their patients well as diagnosticians, but also they will continue to develop clinical examination techniques and a better understanding of their mechanisms and diagnostic use. The 15th edition of Macleod’s Clinical Examination is accompanied by an expanded set of clinical videos, including eight entirely new topics, which are available in the Elsevier eBooksþ library.