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The International Association for Mathematical Geosciences (IAMG) was founded during the 23rd International Geological Congress in Prague, August 1968. Within the Earth Sciences, the IAMG has played a prominent role during the past 50 years by living up to its mandate to promote, worldwide, the advancement of mathematics, statistics, and informatics in the geosciences. Under its auspices there have been and continue to be important developments in applications of mathematics, statistics and computer science in the Earth Sciences. To give two examples: IAMG members Georges Matheron and Jean Serra developed geostatistics and mathematical morphology resulting in methods that are now widely applied in other branches of science and engineering; John Aitchison invented methods to circumvent the problem of spurious correlations that often arise in compositional data analysis of petrological and geochemical data. IAMG members later followed up on developing this topic now used in other fields of science and in the social sciences as well. During the first 30 years of its existence, IAMG stood as the abbreviation of International Association for Mathematical Geology, but its current name was adopted to widen its scope and provide a home to scientists who are not only geologists but who perform research in other fields of science and engineering. From the beginning, prominent mathematical statisticians including John Tukey, Geoffrey Watson, and Franklin Graybill played a prominent part within the IAMG by providing advice and collaborating in research projects. In addition to organizing or co-sponsoring international conferences, workshops, and lecture series, the IAMG established three successful scientific journals: Mathematical Geosciences, Computers & Geosciences, and Natural Resources Research (formerly: Nonrenewable Resources). In total, five types of IAMG awards were created to honor William Christian Krumbein (1902–1979), Andrew Borisovich Vistelius (1915–1995), John Cedric Griffiths (1912–1992), Felix Chayes (1916–1993), and Georges Matheron (1930–2000), who were pioneers in mathematical geology. The book in front of us “Handbook of Mathematical Geosciences: Fifty Years of IAMG” published to celebrate the Golden Anniversary of the IAMG contains 45 chapters prepared by IAMG award winners, founding members, and distinguished lecturers. It covers new theoretical developments, applications, reviews of subfields of the mathematical geosciences, and historical information on the IAMG, especially in its early years. Bill Krumbein, as a geologist, first started using a digital computer in 1958, and gradually more mathematical geologists began working with digital computers in the 1960s. This involved the development of computer programs written in FORTRAN or ALGOL to use existing statistical techniques such as analysis of variance, multiple regression, multivariate statistical techniques, and time series analysis that had been developed during the first half of the twentieth century. Also, new methods including trend surface analysis and geostatistical ore reserve estimation techniques were developed specifically for solving geoscience problems. Dan Merriam established the “Kansas Geological Survey Computer Contributions.” In this series, 50 computer programs were published between 1966 and 1970. During this time period, Dick Reyment worked closely with Dan to establish the IAMG. Computers brought about further important changes that were rapidly adopted by mathematical geologists including geographic information systems (GIS), exploratory data analysis, the fast Fourier transform, mathematical morphology, fractals, and nonlinear models. Even more recently, our world has entered the “Big Data” era, with the production of data with unprecedented speed and in large quantities. The new knowledge obtained through digital analysis and the novel methods of data mining are greatly benefitting human decision making. People’s life, working, and thinking are being subjected to drastic changes. “Big Data” resulted in the emergence of “Data Science” which, to some extent, is affecting all fields of science both in how scientific research is being conducted using digital data and by facilitating the use of scientific methods to study the digital data. Nowadays, geosciences and geological research are mainly characterized by the following words: “Systematic,” “Comprehensive,” “Quantitative,” “Threedimensional,” “New-model,” “Green,” “Intelligent,” and “Beneficial to People.” In this regard, Mathematical Geosciences and the IAMG play an increasingly important role, prompting the advancement of the geosciences in the future. Earth science and geological studies are data-intensive. If we want to solve geological problems and use the results in a meaningful way, we have to obtain and work with many different kinds of data obtained by using sound geological concepts and methods borrowed from physics, chemistry, and remote sensing.