دانلود کتاب فشار خون – کتابخانه قلب و عروق آکسفورد

The global prevalence of hypertension was estimated to be 1.13 billion in 2015, with the overall prevalence of around 26% of the world’s population and around 30– 34% of those aged 18 years and above. Hypertension is a risk factor for many cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and cardiovascular- related conditions, and substantially contributes to premature mortality. In 2017, it was estimated that hypertension is the leading modifiable risk factor for all- cause mortality worldwide, accounting for over 10 million deaths and 218 million disability- adjusted life years. It is believed that there is a global epidemic of yet unknown proportions as abnormally elevated blood pressures are often asymptomatic. Indeed, the first diagnosis of hypertension is often made when the individual presents with a myocardial infarction or a stroke. Hypertension is thus rightly often referred to as the ‘silent killer’. Modifiable factors impacting hypertension include lifestyle changes such as smoking, diet, and physical activity levels. Public health initiatives for hypertension, such as population and opportunistic screening and patient education to promote ‘heart- healthy’ lifestyles, are critical for primary prevention, detection, and management of hypertension.