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It is a privilege to write another introduction to this book. When I wrote this book in Munich in 2010, I knew I was writing a book with an uncommon combination, linking internal medicine to radiology. I can still remember the comment of my mentor Prof. Maximilian Reiser after he saw the manuscript’s content. He told me: “Why did you choose this layout and these disorders in particular?” I replied: “They are the most commonly encountered diseases daily in any busy medical department.”

Over the years, I have noticed how the chapters’ download numbers are increasing in Springer’s official website. This reflects, to me at least, the continuous demand for such topics worldwide, especially among newly coming radiologists. They are the ones facing the fire daily in duties and emergency calls from physicians and surgeons around the clock. Moreover, radiology board teachings concentrate more and more over emer­gency cases, trauma cases, postoperative complications, and cancer screening and mon­itoring. I can assure you that almost 90% of any radiologist’s daily routine lies within one or more of the past four areas in radiology. Internal medicine disorders and com­plications are considered extracurricular and maybe special interest radiology.

Within the past 5 years since the publication of this book, I have noticed a skyrock­eting increase in the radiological referrals through my work in two different hospitals. Sometimes, we get radiological referral for simple disorders that do not need radio­logical investigation, for example, more and more demands for ultrasound to exclude inguinal hernias, ultrasound for lipoma, CT for acute appendicitis suspicion, and poly­trauma PAN-CT. As a radiologist, it is always nice to be needed; however, technology can be a double-edged sword, reducing the clinical experience of both the referring clinician and the radiologist. Many physicians, unfortunately, started to use radiology as a substitute for clinical examination and judgment. Although such a phenomenon is not necessarily widely found, it is there, no doubt about it.

I am pleased that the first edition of my book has helped many physicians I know to change their perspective toward radiological investigations. I have been contacted by many physicians here in Kuwait and outside of Kuwait who thank me for detailing what they should order and how to investigate certain diseases. In the same fashion, many radiologists are pleased with the variety of images that detail the medical disor­ders and facilitate their detection.

Based on the past positive feedbacks, I aimed to expand the range of the book by including three more medical fields, which are not directly linked to internal medicine but however are important to know. The second edition of this book exposes the reader to occupational medicine and toxicology, which are uncommonly seen as cases of attempting suicide and accidental intoxications. The radiological literature is filled with different radiological signs reported by many research detailing intoxications, which have become of great interest since the data have been accumulating over the years.

Chiropractic and osteopathic medicines are two important fields that emerged more than a 100 years ago, and they are rarely, if ever, mentioned or taught in medical schools or board certification programs, especially in specialties related to the orthope­dics or the spine. Although they are not considered part of conventional medicine, both specialties have very solid neuroanatomical and neuropathophysiological basis. Chiropractic medicine in particular, founded by D. D. Palmer and perfected by B. J. Palmer, uses radiology as an essential part of its diagnostic techniques. Their radio­graphic imaging techniques are known as “spinography.” Personally, I have been using their radiographic techniques in an extensive fashion to diagnose lower back pain and kinesiological disorders. Their radiological imaging techniques proved to be very valid and very accurate in diagnosing lower back pain, especially lumbar spine MRI with almost normal findings. Unfortunately, such radiological knowledge is very rarely encountered in commonly known radiological journals. I sincerely hope that the reader will find the chapter of chiropractic medicine imaging interesting and informative.