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In contempt of growing investments in renewable energy, the oil industry still stays the main source of energy in the world. It is well known that the greatest part of oil resources is still marked as unrecoverable due to the limitation of conventional oil recovery methods. The number of explored oil fields already overtake the fields to be explored. In this regard, the increment in oil production of mature oil fields is very crucial. The oil industry today is standing in the frontier of new pioneering achievements. With a high probability it can be argued that these achievements will be made and have already been committed to labora- tories. An oil price decrease has already reduced economic benefits of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods due to CAPEX increments. The same challenges are lying ahead of all upstream technologies, such as completion, workover, sand control, etc. The application of new nano-based materials could open new opportunities and find new decisions for con- ventional problems. This book aims to cover a theoretical and practical background related to nanocolloid application experience gained over the last decades. Nanocolloids are admitted by the majority of researchers as a new perspective and a promising investigation topic. The high surface area of dispersion phase causes a more reactive behavior compared to conventional counterparts and significantly changes the properties of colloid systems. For instance, the propagation ability of nanogels considerably increases an opening of new opportunities for in-depth fluid diversion techniques as well as gel durability in reservoir conditions. The book consists of five parts divided into chapters to make the experience of reading the book more reader-friendly. The paragraphs that follow briefly describe each part and highlight the main discussed topics.