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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a rising disease. The etiology of this tumor depends on its geographical distribution, and in most cases it is strictly related to diseased parenchyma, with fewer tumors growing on normal liver. As a young stu­dent, I remember when anti-viral therapies were being studied as a potential solu­tion for patients with liver disease and the discussion among scientists on the expected drop in the incidence of HCC, given the efficacy of these drugs. Mutatis mutandis, the issue has now shifted to other types of liver disease and HCC is still an impactful problem around the world, with not only virus-related parenchymal changes but also the metabolic syndrome being a growing entity.

Nowadays, the management of patients affected by HCC is multidisciplinary. I remember attending the multidisciplinary meetings at Hôpital Beaujon under the supervision of my mentor Prof. Jacques Belghiti, an expert in the field of HCC who had absorbed influences from Western and Eastern surgical cultures. It was the beginning of a 360° approach to the patient, considering both the oncological point of view and the liver disease. In this setting, Italy has a strong tradition: indeed, in recent decades, several surgical schools around our country have contributed to the development of new insights into the treatment of HCC. Among others, I’d like to mention the schools of Prof. Capussotti in Turin, Prof. Gennari in Milan, Prof. D’Amico in Padua, Prof. Gazzaniga in Genoa, Profs. Cavallari and Mazziotti in Bologna, Profs. Nuzzo, Santoro, and Tersigni in Rome, Profs. Calise and Cuomo in Naples. All the above and others allowed us to create and develop what is nowadays considered the best practice for patients affected by HCC, possibly improving their quality of life and oncological outcomes.

The book I am honored to have been invited to edit on behalf of the Italian Society of Surgery (SIC) aims to summarize all the fundamental aspects of the epi­demiology, etiology, multidisciplinary approach, and treatment of HCC. I apologize if some of the experts have been involuntarily excluded and if you might notice some minor imperfections that are unfortunately impossible to avoid in such a huge editorial effort.