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The example above constitutes an analogy: The structure inherent to the sentences is used to explain a connection between different aspects. Although analogies are often used as a type of common-sense reasoning, to underline the understanding of the point one makes by comparing two objects or ideas (Pritchard, 2018), they are also useful for higher-order, deductive reasoning, for understanding abstract relations between objects.1 Consider that in the quote above Albert Einstein uses an analogy to explain (at the time) a new and complicated technology which nevertheless seems perfectly easy to understand because of the analogy. Analogies of the form “A is to B as C is to D” are an essential mechanism in cognitive sciences, especially regarding learning, problem-solving, and transfer across domains. Analogical reasoning results in mental models which—in turn—may lead to the understanding of new domains. Reasoning by analogy thereby fosters learning: By understanding the connection drawn between different objects or domains, we transfer our knowledge from known examples onto an unknown domain—and learn something new.