The Unfolded Protein Pathway was first discovered by Shiu et al. in 1971 when the authors described a rapid increase in the levels of two proteins in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum after glucose starvation in mammalian cells. In the last decades, many advances have attracted the attention of researchers of life sciences due to the broad implications of the UPR pathway machinery in the proper functioning of the cells. It responds to a myriad of signals and is implicated in a number of human diseases as neurodegenerative or metabolic dysfunctions.
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