دانلود کتاب خونریزی قاعدگی و اختلالات درد از نوجوانی تا یائسگی

Vaginal probes for ultrasonography were introduced in the 1980s. They allow for higher frequency transducers in closer proximity to the structure being studied. This yields excellent resolution. In fact, in my first book, I described a concept of “sonomicroscopy” whereby we see things with the vaginal probe that one would not be able to discern with the naked eye. It is as if we were doing ultrasound through a low-power microscope. Hence, there is the ability to see structure not previously appreciated in such a non-invasive fashion.
The endometrium consists of a basalis and a functionalis. In an idealized situation, for the 13 lunar months in a calendar year, the endometrium undergoes a cyclical journey occasionally resulting in a pregnancy, most often ending in a menses. Realize to our patients all the blood that comes out of their vagina is their “period,” but to us a menses is a bleed preceded 14 days prior by ovulation.