دانلود کتاب فرسایش تنوع زیستی – مسائل و سوالات

The erosion of biodiversity is part of the more general context of the relationships that the human species has with other species. Our ways of living on Earth obviously have an impact on biological diversity… how could they not? Like other species, we depend on the resources we obtain from nature, and it is hard to imagine doing without them. Our presence on Earth is not without consequences for other species so the myth of having nature unaffected, which some activist movements aspire to, is simply incompatible with the presence of humans. There is no neutral situation because nature is not a kind of la-la land. It is a brutal and cruel world where the priority is to survive, by any means possible, and to protect oneself as best as possible from predators. This is how the human species began its long adventure. And it is still in this context that there are billions of living human beings who do not know the comfort of life that progress has given us in the West. This comfort has been acquired by securing our food sources through agriculture and by securing our living environment through controlling disease vectors and various harmful substances that nature has in abundance. As Sylvie Brunel says: It is man’s way of inhabiting the Earth that has made it pleasant to live on… the whole history of man’s presence on Earth is one of a permanent struggle to survive, despite the unleashing of blind and sudden forces (Brunel 2011). We are not in a Garden of Eden where wolves and sheep live side by side, but in a world where people have to fight to survive. And in a world where the human population is expanding rapidly, there is necessarily an impact on non-humans. In other words, there is inevitable collateral damage. What is up for discussion, though, is the possibility of minimizing this damage, as opposed to believing in the myth that nature can be preserved in its entirety. Yet the reported increase in protected area policy, which consists of excluding humans in order to protect nature, is totally ecocentric. In addition to the ideological, and even mystical, approach that presides over this policy, it is so far removed from the experience of the vast majority of human beings that it can only lead to conflict and failure.