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Experiences of homelessness have been on the margins of media and communication, as they have in wider societies. The conditions of hous¬ing injustice, transience, the kinds of mobilities and habitation, income and resource inequality, and other factors associated with homelessness have posed many issues for the full participation of these diverse groups in media—with serious implications for their belonging in and member¬ship of their societies.
This has clearly been an issue given the role of media in representing homelessness in culture and framing it as a social problem—something which has figured significantly in research. In recent years with the devel-opment of information and communication technologies, access to, use of, and agency in media have moved onto the agenda for researchers and policymakers because of the growing importance of technology to the lives of people who are homeless—and because their societies depend on digital connectivity for managing and addressing all citizens, especially those who bear the burden of social inequalities. This is a major issue, given the number of people living homeless in the world—1.1 billion people on a 2015 United Nations estimate.
Payphones are clearly one technology that is a forerunner in the area of public provision of communication and especially important when homeless. In the environment of fixed-line telecommunications, payphones offered by phone companies but also via privately operated payphones provided access in public places, shops, cafes, libraries, and elsewhere—without the user needing a subscription. With the rise of the internet, public internet access points and internet cafes have also offered access and service to homeless users. It is with the social and technical developments associated with mobile communication and media that a complex quantum leap in access and connection for the homeless or oth¬erwise marginalised has become evident in the twenty-first century.
As laid out in Justine Humphry’s landmark book, mobile communica¬tion has become indispensable in the lives of millions of people experi¬encing homelessness around the world—whose lives are shaped by the realities and exclusionary politics of mobilities and housing in ways that their societies struggle to grasp let alone transform. As Humphry sug¬gests: ‘While smartphones are not a substitute for the digital experiences made possible by “home”, mobile communication plays a special and vital role for a range of homeless groups, including families, young peo¬ple, and adults’. She notes that mobile communication can ‘lead to a strong sense of agency and of being “at home”, alongside extreme feelings of vulnerability and powerlessness, revealing the fragility of the mobile as lifeline when there are no alternative options’.
Mobile communication offers connection in people’s everyday lives, in precious and sustaining ways, as the voices recorded in Humphry’s study communicate. What the book makes clear is that homelessness needs to be fully unfurled as integration into the research, policy, and practice agenda on digital inequalities and digital inclusion. And indeed the taken for granted essentials in the communication field internationally.