This book is about work in class-based modes of production, primarily capitalism. Labor in other modes is discussed but mainly as a contrast to how work is done in capitalism. It is not a philosophical study of work in the abstract, which is interesting but beyond the scope of this book.1 What we can say here is that every society must produce at least the necessities of life. Such requirements are not eternally fixed; they obviously have a social component, which will vary over time and space. If we need to produce, we have to distribute what we make. There must be social rules for this. It could be simply equality, with each person getting a roughly equal share. It could be by the effort expended in production. It could be by the amount of money, which, in turn, could be based upon effort or property ownership.
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