Virus entry into the host target cell is the first step of the viral replication cycle. It is initiated by the attachment of the viral particle to the target cell through specific interaction between the viral surface protein(s) and receptor(s) on the host cell. This interaction triggers the conformation changes of the viral surface protein(s), resulting in entry, via membrane fusion or endocytosis, of the viral genetic materials into the host cell for replication. Virus entry inhibitors are antiviral agents that block viral entry into the host cell, including those that bind viral surface proteins, interfere with interaction between viral and host proteins, inhibit viral protein-mediated plasma or endosomal membrane fusion, or inactivate cell-free virions.
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