Vaccinations have greatly reduced the burden of infectious diseases. Aggressive vaccination strategies have helped eradicate smallpox in humans and rinderpest, a serious disease of cattle. Vaccination has greatly reduced many pediatric infectious diseases. Vaccines not only protect the immunized but can also reduce disease among unimmunized individuals in the community through “herd protection.” Vaccines have also led to increased production of fish and farm animals, thereby improving food security. The development of vaccines has improved our understanding of immunology and the principles of immunity. This has led to the research and development of vaccines for cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
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