This introductory chapter provides a historical context supporting the study of sulfate-reducing microorganisms (SRMs). Information presented is derived from early publications and reveals the evolution of the field of sulfate reduction by bacteria. While the initial concept was that the growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) resulted using a limited number of nutrients, the reports of using a broad range of electron donors and electron acceptors provide the basis for considerable diversity of species. Early reports recognized the broad distribution of sulfate reducers in the environment and growth of these organisms is attributed to the specific electron donors and electron acceptors employed.
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