دانلود کتاب پیتر دراکر و مدیریت

No society can function as a society unless it gives the individual member social status and function, and unless the decisive social power is legitimate power. The former establishes the basic frame of social life, the purpose and meaning of society. The latter shapes the space within the frame; it makes society concrete and creates its institutions. If the individual is not given social status and function, there can be no society but only a mass of social atoms flying through space without aim or purpose. And unless power is legitimate, there can be no social fabric; there is only a social vacuum held together by mere slavery or inertia.
(Drucker, 2003, pp. xvi– xvii)
Peter Drucker is known for being the “father of modern management.” To many, he is an archaic figure from the past whose name may be recognizable but whose work and contributions may be unknown. While he remains well-known and read in Japan and other places, the former “guru” of management in America and much of Europe has been displaced by newer practitioners and authors. Yet, to characterize Drucker as simply a management expert does not begin to do him or his work justice. Drucker was, first and foremost, a social theorist who wrote about management by accident of his time and place in history.
Born in 1909 in Austria, Drucker moved to Germany to attend university and work just as Germany was experiencing the social and economic turmoil of the years after World War I. As a journalist, he covered the rise of Hitler and the National Socialist Party and participated in political activities aimed at subverting Hitler’s success. With the Nazi’s eventual victory, Drucker fled first to England and then to the United States. Landing in the United States during the Great Depression, shortly before that country’s entry into World War II, Drucker witnessed the dramatic changes happening in the American economy, as it transformed into an industrial manufacturing powerhouse (first for armament production, and, after the war, for a vast array of consumer goods). By sheer accident of timing and history, Drucker was catapulted from world to world. First, Drucker’s youth in a placid upper- middle- class neighborhood in Vienna, the crown of the Austro- Hungarian Empire, was marred by the upheaval of World War I and its aftermath. As a young man starting an independent life, he was shattered by the rise of the Nazis and the threat to his family, career, and personal safety. Landing in America on the cusp of that country’s entry into World War II, Drucker experienced the subsequent massive economic and cultural shifts and disruptions that the war created in the United States. Given that Drucker experienced all of these discontinuities in his first some 35 years of life, it is not surprising that his work focused on his primary project: how to find a path to a functioning society, and one that would balance change and continuity.
For Drucker, the key to avoid another totalitarian or fascist disaster such as that he witnessed in Europe in the 1930s was to provide people with a society that made sense. When rational explanations for events broke down, people lost all hope and turned to authoritarianism— a strong leader who made promises that, even if they made no sense, would at least offer a way out of misery. The only recompense was to create a society that gave individuals social status and function. Everyone needs to feel that they are important somewhere in society, that they matter and are recognized and valued. They also need to feel that they contribute and have a purpose (a job). Additionally, society needs to be held together by an agreed- upon power that is deemed legitimate. How do we create this functioning society?