دانلود کتاب پول رایج و پول اعتباری – تاریخچه تطبیقی ​​نظریه‌های پولی اولیه

Questions about money have once again moved to the forefront of economic and political debate. The introduction of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs), the rise of private digital currencies like Bitcoin and stablecoins, and the growing popularity of Modern Monetary Theory (MMT) have all reignited an interest in the fundamental issues that have defined monetary theory since its inception. What is money? What determines its value? What are the proper roles of the state and private actors? Which normative visions of order, stability, and accessibility are embedded in competing conceptions of money? This book revisits such questions, seeking to make explicit the historical currents that have informed monetary debates up to the present day. While exploring foundational perspectives on currency and credit money, this book provides an overview of key periods in the history of early monetary theory. Yet rather than attempting to synthesize the presented theories, the book furnishes a “panopticon” of diverse ideas, leaving opposing views unresolved. Moving chronologically, the book begins at the end of the scholastic period and concludes in the early twentieth century. This book is a comprehensively revised translation of the third edition of the German-language textbook Geld-Theorie-Geschichte (Metropolis, 2024). As a supplement, I have also published a text compilation in which most of the discussed authors can be read in German or English (Geld-Theorie-Geschichte: Ausgewählte Texte 1361 bis 1918. Metropolis, 2019).