دانلود کتاب طرح چین برای توسعه اقتصادی و اجتماعی

In October 2019, the Fourth Plenary Session of the Nineteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) reviewed and adopted the Decision of the CPC Central Committeeon Major Issues Concerning Upholding and Improving Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and Modernizing the State Governance System and Capacity, systematically addressing the important political questions which include what aspects of China’s state system and governance system should be preserved and consolidated and what aspects should be developed and refined. In its fifth section, the decision proposed to “improve a macro regulation system, with national devel-opment planning as strategic guidance, fiscal and monetary policies as the main means, and employment, industry, investment, consumption, and regional policies work in concert; and improve national major development strategies and medium and long-term economic and social development planning institution as well.” It was the first time that the central government put forward the concept of a plan-ning institution in a document, and elaborated on the planning institution in terms of the state governance system and socialism with Chinese characteristics, which marked a further enhancement of the position, role, and significance of planning in the economic and social development of China.
As an old Chinese saying goes, “Those who cannot plan long term are not good enough to plan for the moment; those who cannot grasp the situation comprehensively are not good enough to plan for a region.”2 Plato also said that a state was wise when it had the knowledge of governance, considering the whole state and improving its internal and external relations, and applied this knowledge to planning the state well. In ancient and modern times, every country has one kind of planning. In China, we often hear about five-year plans, such as the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan, and the Fourteenth Five-Year Plan….However, as to the fundamental questions such as what is planning, why we need to plan, and how to plan, we feel difficult to answer accurately, for planning itself contains many complex concepts. This chapter focuses on the logic of governance by planning around the three fundamental questions. The history of development in the world shows that most countries pursue similar development goals, as the 17 key goals stated in the UN’s Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development contains, namely “no poverty, zero hunger, good health and well-being, quality education, gender equality, clean water and sanitation, affordable and clean energy, decent work and economic growth, industry, innovation and infrastructure, reduced inequalities, sustainable cities and communities, responsible consumption and production, climate action, life below water, life on land, peace, justice and strong institutions, partnerships for the goals.” They are a consensus across countries. What we need to examine are the reasons why some countries have excelled and others have lagged for so long in achieving these development goals.