دانلود کتاب گذرنامه باتری: راهنمای جامع فناوری، سیاست‌گذاری و پیاده‌سازی جهانی

Global management of energy, technology, and materials is undergoing a profound transformation. At the center of this shift is the battery, powering electric vehicles, mobile devices, and the broader energy transition. However, behind this critical tool lies a complex, often opaque system of supply chains, material sourcing, performance monitoring, environmental costs, and end-of-life management. Today’s battery landscape is marked by fast-moving innovation. Manufacturers are deploying advanced chemistries like lithium iron phosphate (LFP) and nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC), automating gigafactories, and embedding digital battery management systems. Recycling technologies from pyrometallurgy to hydrometallurgy are evolving rapidly, but economic and logistical challenges remain. Market demand is rising sharply, particularly for EV batteries, creating intense pressure on raw material supply chains. At the same time, ethical concerns over labor practices in cobalt mining, environmental degradation from lithium extraction, and lack of transparency throughout the battery lifecycle pose serious risks to sustainability goals. This is where the Battery Passport enters the picture. Mandated under the European Union’s 2023 Batteries Regulation, the Battery Passport is a digital record that provides detailed information about a battery’s origin, composition, performance, carbon footprint, and recycling status. It aims to bring transparency, traceability, and accountability across the entire battery value chain, addressing both environmental and ethical blind spots. By 18 February 2027, industrial batteries over 2 kWh, Electric Vehicle (EV) batteries, and Light Means of Transport (LMT) batteries (like those in e-bikes and scooters) must carry a Battery Passport to be legally sold in the European Union (EU). This record will be accessible through a QR code printed or engraved on the battery casing or packaging, linking stakeholders including regulators, manufacturers, and consumers to structured, up-to-date data. The Battery Passport is part of a wider effort to reshape industrial ecosystems through digitalization and circularity, rooted in a legislative arc that includes the 2006 Battery Directive, 2019 European Green Deal, 2020 Circular Economy Action Plan, and the 2022 Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation.