دانلود کتاب الکتروکاردیوگرام در مراقبت های اورژانسی و حاد

Electrocardiographic monitoring is one of the most widely applied diagnostic tests in clinical medicine today; its first application to the patient occurs in the prehospital setting, in the clinician’s office or by emergency medical services (EMS) . . . its use continues on into the hospital. The electrocardiogram, whether in monitor mode using single or multichannel rhythm monitoring or in diagnostic mode using the 12‑lead ECG, is an amazing tool; it assists in establishing a diagnosis, ruling-out various ailments, guiding the diagnostic and management strategies in the evaluation, providing indication for certain therapies, offering risk assessment, and assessing end-organ impact of a syndrome. As noted in this impressive list of applications, the ECG provides significant insight regarding the patient’s condition in a range of presentations, whether it be the chest pain patient with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), the patient in cardiac arrest with ventricular tachycardia, the poisoned patient with bradycardia, or the renal failure patient with rhythm and morphologic findings consistent with hyperkalemia, among many, many other presentations. This extremely useful tool is non-invasive, portable, inexpensive, quickly obtained, and easily performed. Yet, ECG interpretation is not easily performed and, in fact, requires considerable skill and experience as well as an awareness of the limitation surrounding its use. This textbook has been prepared to assist clinicians who wish to learn, review, and refine the skills required to interpret the electrocardiogram and develop a deeper understanding of its use across the range of presentations and applications. This textbook is arranged into five sections. Section 1 is a brief introduction and review of the ECG in the clinical setting. Section 2 focuses on the electrocardiographic rhythm diagnosis, considering the electrocardiographic findings from an in-depth differential diagnostic perspective – in other words, rhythms with normal rates as well as bradycardia and tachycardia, allowing for the QRS complex width and regularity. Section 3 reviews the 12‑lead ECG in patients suspected of acute coronary syndrome, including ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. Section 4 discusses the range of special presentations, patient populations, and uses of the electrocardiogram. Section 5 is a listing of various electrocardiographic findings, again from the differential diagnostic perspective; in this section, various rhythm and morphologic presentations are discussed, such as the narrow and wide complex tachycardias and ST segment elevation syndromes. This textbook addresses the use of the ECG in its many forms by clinicians in a wide range of clinical settings. The novice electrocardiographer can use this text as his or her primary ECG reference; additionally, the experienced interpreter can use this textbook to expand his or her knowledge base. This work stresses the value of the ECG in the range of clinical situations encountered daily by health care providers – it illustrates the appropriate applications of the electrocardiogram in emergency and acute care scenarios. Most importantly, this textbook is written by clinicians for clinicians, with an emphasis on the reality of the patient care. I and my co-editors and authors have enjoyed its creation – we hope that you, the clinician, will not only enjoy its content but also find it of value in the care of your patients. We thank you for what you do every day.