دانلود کتاب تشخیص های پرستاری – تعاریف و طبقه بندی

The International Year of the Nurse and Midwife began with a battle with COVID-19. I cannot thank healthcare professionals enough who are caring for patients despite, at times, the lack of protective equipment. I am writing this as the impact of COVID-19 is continuing around the world. I hope that by the time you read this text, effective treatments and preventive measures have been developed and are available to everyone. A while back, a nurse fighting on the frontline asked me, “Which nursing diagnosis should I use for COVID-19 patients?” This question reminded me of the need to repeatedly emphasize the meaning of nursing diagnosis. Most importantly, patients with the same medical diagnosis do not necessarily have the same human responses (nursing diagnoses). Likewise, patients with the same genotype of coronavirus infection do not necessarily have the same human responses. That is why, prior to providing proper care for each patient, nurses must conduct a nursing assessment and identify his/her unique responses (nursing diagnoses). Even at times like those we are facing today, nurses need to identify what we independently diagnose and treat related to patients and their families, which are different from medical diagnoses. If nurses have properly documented the nursing diagnoses of patients with COVID-19 and their families, then in the near future, we will be able to identify commonalities and differences in their human responses, from an international perspective. In this 2021–2023 version, the Twelfth Edition, the classification provides 267 diagnoses, with the addition of new diagnoses. Each nursing diagnosis has been the product of one or more of our many NANDA International (NANDA-I) volunteers, and most have a defined evidence base. Each new diagnosis has been reviewed and refined by our Diagnosis Development Committee (DDC) members assigned as primary reviewers, and by content experts, prior to receiving DDC approval. This DDC approval does not mean the diagnosis is “completed” or “ready to be used” across all countries or practice areas. We all know that practice and regulation of nursing varies from region to region. It is our hope that publication of these new diagnoses will facilitate further validation studies in different parts of the world, to achieve a higher level of evidence.