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It is with great pleasure and immense honor we present to you Benign Hematologic Disorders in Children: A Clinical Guide. Health-care providers, including pediatricians, family physicians, and pediatric nurse practitioners, often encounter children presenting with benign hematological conditions such as anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, elevated lead levels, as well as bleeding and clotting disorders. The majority of such patients can and should be evaluated by a primary care child health provider and many conditions can successfully be managed in the outpatient setting. Some conditions need consultation and treatment by a pediatric hematologist and these patients are best co-managed with the primary care provider and the hematologist. The specialty of pediatric hematology is expanding rapidly with tremendous improvements in diagnostic procedures, preventive measures, and therapeutic modalities. Hematology involves disorders affecting the cellular and non-cellular components of blood; therefore, the content of this book addresses these disorders. For the benefit of the reader, we begin with reviewing the basic concepts and recent advances in our understanding of hematopoiesis. Next, we discuss disorders affecting red blood cells, thrombocytes, and white blood cells. This is followed by discussions on the bleeding and clotting disorders including Von willebrand disease, hemophilia, acquired disorders of coagulation, thromboembolism, and clotting disorders affecting children and adolescents. Many of us provide care to newborns in nurseries and neonatal intensive care units where we encounter babies with hematological disorders and so have included a section dealing with common hematological conditions affecting neonates including newborn screening for hemoglobin disorders. Primary bone marrow disorders are uncommon. However, because of better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism of these disorders as well as specific and supportive care (discussed under “supportive care” section), many of these patients are leading normal lives and are taken care of by primary care providers in consultation with hematologists. To complete the disorders affecting the non-cellular component of blood, we have included complement mediated hematological disorders.